![]() Starting
the Operation
This
page shows some important details about how to
operate the windows interfaces and menus in SPRING
system.
Mouse
The
mouse ( After
positioning the cursor over the interest object, the
user can manipulate it, just pressing the mouse
button. For
SPRING system it does not matter if the mouse has
two or three buttons, because only the left and
right buttons will be used. When using a three
button mouse, the middle button will have the same
functions as the right button. (LB)
- it specifies an object
to be manipulated or controlled or were operations
will be performed. It displays a control menu which
is associated with the cursor location or the
selected object. Next,
terms frequently used in the mouse operation are
presented, as well as their meaning.
Next,
the operations using the mouse select button (LB),
which facilitates a text selection to be edited. Windows
It
allows the user to control the operations execution.
The windows usually are big enough to receive user
data and they can be resized according to the
necessities.
Base
Window
The
base window is described in this manual as a
reference for the elements that one can find in a
window and dialog boxes in SPRING system. The
elements of a base window are: 1 ) Header
or Title Bar: it has
the base window's name which describes the
application and the window's menu button. In the
help reference will be made using bold, double
quotes, and Verdana fontface, as in: "Databases".
The
selection operation can be done in two different
ways:
3 )
Iconization Button: it
allows to close the main window and keeps it as an
icon, when clicking on this button. Icons
are small application windows that show a minimum
amount of data. In most cases, the icons include an
application graphical presentation or a dialog
window, the application name or the data file name. It
is possible to open the window again, at any time,
just double click using the mouse LB on the icon.
6 ) Menu Bar: it is where the system options are displayed, each option has an associated menu. Example: SPRING-5.5.3 main window menu bar.
The shortcut for the "Spring module are (from left to right):Database, Project, Conceptual Scheme, Information Layer, Scarta, Reload Project, Control Panel, Zoom Cursor, Area Cursor, Point Cursor, Flying Cursor, Info Cursor, Digitizer Cursor, Draw, Zoom In, Zoom Out, Zoom IL, Previous, Reset, Attach, Zoom, Graphs, Windows Cursor, Collor Palette, Sampling, Scale, Coordinates and About Spring.
The shortcuts for the "Vector Edition"
are (from left to right): Type, Contour,
Adjusted Nodes, Not Adjusted Nodes, Edit, Line
Edition (or Point ), Create, Edit, Remove,
Contour Curves, Tools, Update, Undo, Save,
Operations Bar, Exit Vector Edition and Help.
The shortcuts for the "Raster Edition"
are (from left to right): Type, Operation,
Class List, Task to be Performed, Remove Task, Remove All Tasks,
Execute, Exit Raster Edition and Help.
![]() The
shortcuts for the "Scarta" are (from left to
right): Create Chart, Chart Load, Chart Save, Chart
Save As, Create
Template, Load Template,
Save Template,
Save Template As, Close
Chart/Template,
Features, Elements, Lines, Export, Print and
Scarta Help. The
shortcuts for the "Open Image" (Old module Impima) are
(from left to right): Open, Save As, Draw,
Highlight, Recompose, Materialize on Spring and
About Spring.
13 ) Dialog
Button: it
presents a dialog window associated to it. Example:
in SPRING Editor window, the Select button....
Operation:
18 )
Options Button: it is
represented by a small rectangle. Indicates the
presence of an associated menu, with selection
options. Example: in the Vector window, the Edit
(Lines or Points) option.
Operation:
19 ) Text
Box: the
numerical text fields presents information to the
user (it is not allowed to change them), or these
fields have to be filled by the user with the
corresponding information. Operation:
20 ) The Non exclusive Option Buttons: they are represented by a square, they are independent choices (non-exclusive), that is, it is allowed to have more than one active option at each time. To select an option, click, using the mouse LB on the option. To disable it click, using the mouse LB, again.
Note:
The Exclusive
or Non exclusive Option Buttons exist
only in the classic version of SPRING 5.0.
SPRING
Modules
The
SPRING ("Sistema de PRocessamento de
INformações Geográficas", Georeferenced
Information Processing System) system is
structured into three modules: "Impima",
"Scarta" and "Spring", in order to facilitate
its usage, as function buckets. IMPIMA In the
File option, the activities related to
Database manipulation, Projects, and Conceptual
Schemes for a Database are listed. The data import
and export from or to other formats and software.
Also the register of new images will be part of the
project. The Edit
option, allows the user to define the Information
Layers for an specific
project. The vector data input, using a digitizer or
a mouse, is performed in the Vector item. All the
internal data conversion among projects, that is,
the data exchange among the information layers is
performed in the Mosaic item. In the Edit option it
is possible to create field algebras using the Legal
item. The View
option allows the user to display the Control Panel.
This Panel presents the categories, associated to,
at least, an information layer, that is, only data
from an active project. The Image
option presents exclusive image processing
functions, such as Contrast highlights, Filtering,
Arithmetic Operations, Main Components, Mixture
Model, Classification, Segmentation, IHS-RGB
Transformation, TM Restoration, Pixel reading, Noise
elimination, and image Statistics. It also allows
specific processing tools for Radar Images; Antenna
Pattern Correction and Slant-Ground Range
Conversion. In the
Thematic option, the Area Computation,
Crossing Tabulation, Distance Maps, Lineaments
Analysis, Measures, Raster-Vector transformation and
Vector-Raster transformation functions are stored. In the
DTM (Numerical) option, the terrain
numerical modeling functions are stored. Some of
these functions are: Regular and Triangular Grid
Generation, Slicing, Image Generation, Contour Lines
Generation, Slope, Profile, Volume and 3D
Visualization. In the
Cadastral and Networks
options, the Editing, Mosaic, and Distance Maps are
stored. In the
Analysis option, the object consulting
and manipulating is found. In the
Tools option, the Digitizer
Calibration, Metrical Operations and Environment
Configuration operations are found. SCARTA The
"Scarta" module presents functions such that
a map, generated in SPRING main module, can be
presented as a cartographical document in its final
format. The module has options for chart editing and
printing file generation. The
user has the option of text editing, symbols,
legends, lines, grids and frames using planar or
geographical coordinates. It allows maps exhibition
using several scales, in the raster or vector
format, using the "what you see is what you get"
(Wysiwyg) format. Using
buttons repeated throughout the windows
The
user should notice that in the windows and dialog
boxes there are buttons, such as “Activate”,
“Apply”, “Create”, “Delete”, “Close” and “Help”
which appear in almost all windows.
The
SPRING was projected such that all windows and
dialog boxes have buttons, menus or text boxes that
in a certain moment are not enabled. This is related
to the active Information Layer at the moment or
just because some processing has to be executed
before the option is enabled. In
the "Spring" main module the user does not
need to worry with the data saving operation,
because everything executed is automatically saved
in the disk. The automatic saving is valid for any
function found in the dialog boxes, unless when
editing a program using Legal, classification
samples and control points in the register. Logical
Sequence Operation
Next,
it will be presented the issues the user should pay
attention when organizing a framework. As an
example, consider an
study about soil erosion. First,
define the problem: evaluate the erosion potential
in a certain region. It
is essential the definition of information
extraction models, about geographical data. This
module allows the data adequate selection to be
inserted in the system and the required
interpretation methods. When
dealing with soils more susceptible to erosion, one
should know about the different vegetation covering
types regarding the hillside contention and about
declivity classes favoring the erosion. These knowledge allow the
inter-relationship of the different factors
contributing for the problem. Knowing
the different sources of information: one should get
vegetation covering maps, of declivity and of soil,
to built an erosion
potential map for the region. Knowing
the system potential to evaluate if the user problem
will be solved: the declivity could be computed from
the DTM derivation, the soil type could be
determined from an existing pedological map
digitalization, and the vegetation covering could be
obtained from a satellite image classification. All
data input and data manipulation functions mentioned
in this example are available in SPRING . However, these
functions can not provide the previous existence of
a model to forecast the studied phenomenon. Another
aspect to be carefully analyzed is related to the
task magnitude. The data input is a kind of task
usually underestimated. The availability of personal
and suited tools is another essential condition for
SPRING success. Taking
into account what was mentioned, training personal
to use SPRING has to consider not only the system
operators, but also the personal responsible for
planning and decision making in organizations, so
these ones will have knowledge of the technology
being used.
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