How To Import Data
Data can be imported in one of the following formats; ASCII-SPRING, ARCINFO-UNG, DXF-DWG, SHAPEFILE, JPEG,
JPEG->JPEG, RAW, , SURFER-ASC, IDRISI.IMG-ASC, TIFF/GeoTIFF/BigTiff, or
JPEG2000 previous definition of a
Category adequated for the data type to be imported.
To import data a project may or may not be active, but if there isn't an active project, the name of project data will be imported to and it's associated
parameters (projection and bounding box) must be given at the import window. It's possible to select and import multiple files at the same time, if they belong
to the same file type and entity. If the mosaic option is selected, the output will be a mosaic in the selected Infolayer. If mosaic is not selected, an Infolayer
will be created for each file being imported, with the same name as the file. For DXF-DWG; JPEG and JPEG2000 is not possible to import multiple files.
In the import window, seen below, the first screens shows the possible file types. After selecting a file, screen will automatically update, showing the disponible
options the to the selected file ype. The Conversion tab is only active for TIFF/GeoTIFF/BigTIFF file. The Output tab gives options to the creation or update of the
output Infolayer.
The import process is described in the following procedures:
Consulte
também:
Definition of Database
Definition of Data Model
How to IMPORT GRIB images ?
How to EXPORT data ?
How to convert SHAPEFILE, MID/MIF, E00 and DBF into ASCII-SPRING ?
Data Export - Tables ASCII-SPRING .
See more about the formats of importation/exportation in SPRING
Importation of ASCII-SPRING or ARCINFO-UNG data
In order for SPRING to recognize in the file list one of these formats it should have the following extensions:
Importing ASCII-SPRING or ARCINFO-UNG data :
- load a Database (
) and define
the categories that will receive the external data, in case they do not yet exist;
- load a Project (
)
that should include the coordinates of the data in the external file, otherwise the parameters to create
a project will be requested, in case one is not loaded;
- click on File and select Import ->
Import Data... . The
"Import" window will be show;
- use the button File... to select the
ASCII-SPRING or ARCINFO-UNG file to be imported.
- click on Entity and choose among:
- Line without adjust -
imports 2D lines for IL's of the thematic, cadastral or network types into the formats
ASCII-SPRING (LINES type in case thematic or cadastral - NETWORK type in case
networks) or ARCINFO-UNG. The lines won't be adjusted or polygonized in case they define closed areas;
- Line with adjust -
imports 2D lines and adjusts the nodes with tolerance 0 (zero), that is, the end of two lines should
be in the same point so that the system recognizes the connection between them. Useful for lines in
thematic, cadastral, or network IL's of the format ASCII-SPRING (of the type LINES in the case
of thematic os cadastral - type NETWORK in the case of network) or ARCINFO-UNG.
The polygonalization is not done in case the lines define closed areas;
- Line with topology -
imports 2D lines and adjusts the nodes with 0 (zero) tolerance and polygonizes, that is, creates
the polygons if the lines define closed areas. Useful for polygons of thematic or cadastral IL's
of the formats ASCII-SPRING (LINES type in cases thematic or cadastral - NETWORK
types in case network) or ARCINFO-UNG. If you use this option with lines of a category of the
network model the polygonalization will not be performed. The processing will be the same as
in the option before.
- Labels -
imports the classification (labeling) of 2D lines (in this case one pair of coordinates over each line) or polygons (one pair of coordinates within the polygon) for thematic, cadastral or network type IL's in the ASCII-SPRING (type POINTS in cases thematic or cadastral - type NETWORK_OBJECTS in case network)or ARCINFO-UNG formats. The thematic classes or objects will be created, in case they do not exist in the database.
- Point 2D - imports 2D points and their identification as classes of a thematic IL or objects of a cadastral IL. Useful for the ASCII-SPRING format (type POINT2D in case thematic or cadastral).
- Sample (DTM) - imports 3D contour lines and 3D points for IL's of the numeric model in the formats ASCII-SPRING (type SAMPLE) or ARCINFO-UNG;
- Break Line (DTM) -
imports 2D rectangular grids for thematic or numeric IL's. Useful for lines in the formats ASCII-SPRING (type LINES) or ARCINFO-UNG.
- Regular Grid/Matrix -
imports 2D rectangular grids into thematic or numeric IL's in the formats ASCII-SPRING (type GRIDREG in cases thematic or numeric) or ARCINFO-UNG (only for numeric grids). In the case of a thematic ASCII the definition of the classes and the visual should be defined within the file;
- Text - imports the toponymy for any type of IL, be it thematic, cadastral, images or network in the format ASCII-SPRING (type TEXT);
- select the unit for the data in Unit: meters, kilometers, feet, inches, degrees, seconds, or milimeters.
In case the data is latitude/longitude (for example s 23 45 32.34 w 45 20 0.0), they will be automatically recognized, independently of the selection of some unit;
- give the Scale for the IL that will be created. It is suggested to keep the same scale of the base, or define a scale that will be used by your output device (for example a printer);
- Give the pixel size in meters in the field Pixel Size X: and Y: , in the case the entity is a sample of MNT (DTM) or Break Line (DTM);
- n case you don't have a loaded project it will be necessary to define a projection, so click on the button Projection... and provide the needed parameters (see how to use the window
"Projections" );
- use the button Bounding Box... to define a rectangle smaller than the one of the loaded project. In case there is a loaded project, these values should be informed in the window
"Bounding Box";
- type in the Project name (maximum 32 characters) in case you do not have loaded one;
- click on the button Category... to choose the category to which the IL that will be created will belong to. The window
"Categories List" is presented. Select one category from the list equivalent to the model to which the data to be created belongs (Thematic, Cadastral, Network, or Numeric);
- type in the name of the IL to be created or inform the name of one that belongs to the loaded Project, but do not forget to click on the Mosaic check box in this last case;
- click on Execute para
to perform the importation.
NOTE 1 : In the case of any error verify the parameters provided above, mainly if the data model of the external data corresponds to the one chosen in the category.
NOTE 2 : The following items must be checked so that the importation is successful:
If the measure unit informed in the importation window is correct( the default unit in the importation window is meters and the data can be in degrees, kilometers or others);
If the bounding box is correct according to the data;
If the projection data are equal (if they are not, inform in the importation interface the source projection, so that the importation is performed with remapping)
DXF/DWG Data Import
In order for SPRING to recognize in its file list the format DXF/DWG, the file should have the following extension:
Importing
DXF or DWG Data:
- load a Database (
) and define the categories that will receive the external data, in case they do not exist.
- load a Project (
) that will have to enclose the coordinates of the data from the external file, or the parameters to create one will be requested, in case one is not loaded;
- click on File and select
Import -> Import Data... . The
"Import" window will be show;
- use the button File...
to select the DXF-R12 or DXF/DWG file to be imported.
- click on Layer... . The
"Layers DXF/DWG" window will be presented to select the layer(s). It can be verified in this window the layer content and some transformations can be performed in the DXF/DWG data to correct the positioning (Delta X and Delta Y), rotation and scale, so that it is geographically adjusted with the active project;
- after selecting the layer(s) notice that the name of the layer must be in the text box in front of the button;
- click on Entity and choose among:
- Line without adjust -
imports 2D lines for IL's of the thematic, cadastral or network types. The lines won't be adjusted or polygonized in case they define closed areas;
- Line with adjust -
imports 2D lines and adjusts the nodes with tolerance 0 (zero), that is, the end of two lines should be in the same point so that the system recognizes the connection between them. Useful for lines in thematic, cadastral, or network IL's. The polygonalization is not done in case the lines define closed areas;
- Line with topology -
imports 2D lines and adjusts the nodes with 0 (zero) tolerance and polygonizes, that is, creates the polygons if the lines define closed areas. Useful for polygons of thematic or cadastral IL's. If you use this option with lines of a category of the network model the polygonalization will not be performed. The processing will be the same as in the option before.
- Labels -
imports the classification (labeling) of polygons only for thematic or cadastral type IL's. A layer of text must exist containing the origin of each text (lower left corner) internal to each polygon. If the active IL is thematic it will be enough to choose the entity, otherwise the window
"DXF/DWG Text Selection"
will be presented to filter the type of text and the prefix or suffix that will be added to each text identifying the objects in the map;
- Point 2D - imports 2D points into a thematic or cadastral IL;
- Sample (DTM) - imports 3D contour lines and 3D points into an IL of the numeric type. One must have the height Z associated to each LINE, POLYLINE or POINT in the origin file.
- Break Line (DTM) -
imports 2D lines into numeric IL's;
- Regular Grid/Matrix -
NOT available for DXF/DWG;;
- Text - imports one layer from the DXF/DWG as toponymy into any type of IL, be it thematic, cadastral, images or network;;
- select the unit for the data in Unit: meters, kilometers, feet, inches, degrees, seconds, or milimeters;
- give the Scale for the IL that will be created. It is suggested to keep the same scale of the base, or define a scale that will be used by your output device (for example a printer);
- give the pixel size in the field Pixel Size: X: and Y: , in the case the entity is a DTM sample;
- in case you don't have a loaded project it will be necessary to define a projection, so click on the button Projection... nd provide the needed parameters (see how to use the window
"Projections" );
- use the button Bounding Box... to define a rectangle smaller than the one of the loaded project. In case there is a loaded project, these values should be informed in the window
"Bounding Box"
;
- type in the name of a Project (maximum 32 characters) in case you do not have loaded one;
- click on Category... to choose the category to which the IL that will be created will belong to. The window
"Categories List" is presented. Select one category from the list equivalent to the model to which the data to be created belongs (Thematic, Cadastral, Network, or Numeric);
- type in the name of the IL to be created or inform the name of one that belongs to the loaded Project, but do not forget to click on the Mosaic check box in this last case;
- click on Execute para
to perform the importation.
NOTE 1 : In the “Layers” window, some transformations on the data that are in the DXF/DWG can be performed to correct the positioning (Delta X and Delta Y), rotation and scale, so that it will be geographically adjusted with the loaded project.
NOTE 2 : In the case of any error verify the parameters provided above, mainly if the data model of the external data corresponds to the one chosen in the category.
NOTE 3 : The following items must be checked so that the importation is successful:
If the measure unit informed in the importation window is correct( the default unit in the importation window is meters and the data can be in degrees, kilometers or others);
If the bounding box is correct according to the data;
If the projection data are equal (if they are not, inform in the importation interface the source projection, so that the importation is performed with remapping);
NOTE 4
: Multiple files cannot be imported at once using this file type.
Importation of SHAPEFILE data
In order for SPRING to recognize in its file list the format Shape the file should have the following extension:
NOTE:The direct importation of a SHAPEFILE is valid only for IL's of the CADASTRAL model or NETWORK. In the case of a thematic only the lines/points will be imported. For the other models it is recommended the use of the converter window
“File->Convert to ASCII_SPRING” and then import the ASCII-SPRING file generated.
Importing SHAPEFILE data:
- load a Database (
) and define the categories that will receive the external data, in case they do not exist.
- load a Project (
) that will have to enclose the coordinates of the data from the external file, or the parameters to create one will be requested, in case one is not loaded;
- click on File and select
Import -> Import Data... . The
"Import" window will be show;
- use the button File...
to select the SHAPEFILE
to be imported.
- select the unit for the data in Unit: meters, kilometers, feet, inches, degrees, seconds, or milimeters.
In case the data is latitude/longitude (for example s 23 45 32.34 w 45 20 0.0), they will be automatically recognized, independently of the selection of some unit;
- give the Scale for the IL that will be created. It is suggested to keep the same scale of the base, or define a scale that will be used by your output device (for example a printer);
- use the button Bounding Box... to define a rectangle smaller than the one of the loaded project. In case there is a loaded project, these values should be informed in the window
"Bounding Box"
;
- type in the name of a Project (maximum 32 characters) in case you do not have loaded one;
- click on Category... to choose the category to which the IL that will be created will belong to. The window
"Categories List" is presented. Select one category from the list equivalent to the model to which the data to be created belongs (Thematic, Cadastral, Network, or Numeric);
- type in the name of the IL to be created or inform the name of one that belongs to the loaded Project, but do not forget to click on the Mosaic check box in this last case;
- click on Execute para
to perform the operation.
NOTE 1 : In the case of any error verify the parameters provided above, mainly if the data model of the external data corresponds to the one chosen in the category.
NOTE 2 : The following items must be checked so that the importation is successful:
If the measure unit informed in the importation window is correct( the default unit in the importation window is meters and the data can be in degrees, kilometers or others);
If the bounding box is correct according to the data;
If the projection data are equal (if they are not, inform in the importation interface the source projection, so that the importation is performed with remapping)
Importation of JPEG, RAW, and JPEG2000 data
In order to SPRING recognize the file type the formats JPEG,
RAW , or
JPEG2000, must have the following extensions:
Importing
JPEG,
RAW e JPEG2000:
<- load a Database (
) and define the categories that will receive the external data, in case they do not exist.
- load a Project (
) that will have to enclose the coordinates of the data from the external file, or the parameters to create one will be requested, in case one is not loaded;
- click on File and select
Import -> Import Data... . The
"Import" window will be show;
- use the button File...
to select the JPEG,
RAW ,or JPEG2000 file to be imported.
- choose the Entity that data belongs to:
Image, Classified Image, or Synthetic Image;
- type in the Pixel Size: X:
and Y: in metersfor the image that will be associated to the created IL;
- for the RAW format type in the number of the image columns (Columns:), number of the image lines (Lines:);
- if a project isn't loaded, define a Projection... and give the needed parameters (see how to use the window
"Projections");
- use the button Bounding Box... to define a rectangle smaller than the one of the loaded project. In case there is a loaded project, these values should be informed in the window
"Bounding Box"
;
- type in the name of a Project (maximum 32 characters) in case you do not have loaded one;
- click on Category... to choose the category to which the IL that will be created will belong to. The window
"Categories List" is presented. Select one category from the list equivalent to the model to which the data to be created belongs (Image);
- type in the name of the IL to be created or inform the name of one that belongs to the loaded Project, but do not forget to click on the Mosaic check box in this last case;
- click on Execute para
to perform the operation.
IMPORTANT: Since the images to be imported are not georeferenced they should be imported into a box (bounding box) with the same number of lines and columns, otherwise they should be converted from the formats RAW into the SPG format, by the use of the
IMPIMA
module. After having an image in the SPG format, you can acquire control points and afterwards perform the registration.
Note 1: For a JPEG file, a combobox is show, allowing selecting
between importing as JPEG or JEPG->JPEG. The JPEG->JPEG makes SPRING keep the image format,
but as an synthetic image.
Note 2: The importation of the JPEG -> JPEG format does not allow for the change in Projection, so for example, if your JPEG was generated in UTMSAD69, it can only be imported into a project of the same projection.
GEOTIFF IMPORTATION
IMPORTANT: Images with system correction in the GeoTIFF format
Almost every satellite image presently distributed by private companies or research organizations are geometrically corrected through a mathematical model the uses data that is transmitted together with the image data. Thus, ephemeris data (satellite position and velocity), attitude data as well as some parameters that are inherent to the operation of the instrument (sensor) are used to define the geographic coordinates associated to the moment of acquisition of a certain pixel of the image. Since these data transmitted by the satellite may contain errors, the resultant system corrected image (called that way because it uses information of the system "satellite+instrument") may also contain errors. The most common is the positioning error caused by the errors in the position of the satellite. This error makes the image as a whole be shifted in respect to its correct position.
Due to that it is important to have in mind that an image in the GeoTIFF format could not be completely georeferenced Frequently, the GeoTIFF images have only the system geometric correction and need to be further refined with ground control points. In SPRING this refinement process can only be made through the
REGISTRATION module, this module requires that the image be previously converted to the SPG format with
IMPIMA.
Following we present the definitions of the TIFF/BigTiff and GeoTIFF formats, so that the user can used them properly.
Description of the TIFF/BigTiff format:
- Can support images with 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 e 32 bits per pixel;
- Can support images with 64 bits per pixel (BigTiff);
- The types of data format are positive integers, integers (positive ad negative), and IEEE (32 bits);
- From 1 to n bands.
Note: The TIFF file format internally uses 32-bit byte offsets. The file size limit is 4Gibytes. The BigTIFF modifications
to Tiff consisted primarily of changing all internal byte offsets to 64-bits. A key goal was to maintain backward compatibility with
existing applications and files to the largest extent possible. BigTIFF files have a ".tif" or ".tiff" file extension just like ordinary
TIFF files. A new version in the file header prevents programs which have not linked with the BigTIFF version of libtiff from processing
BigTIFF files. The library has been modified so that programs writing TIFF files do not need to know or care when they reach a 4GB
data size. The file format will smoothly change from a standard TIFF file (compatible with all existing programs) to a BigTIFF file
(compatible with all programs linked with a new version of the libtiff library). Similarly, programs reading TIFF files do not need
to know or care whether a file is a standard TIFF file or a BigTIFF file.
Description of the GEOTIFF format:
-
Adds new labels (tags) to the TIFF;
-
Provides tags for geocoding and georeferencing:
-
Geocoding: a method to position the image on the surface of the Earth (pixel --> X,Y), through ground control points that can be described in plane or geographic coordinates;
-
Georeferencing: projection and datum information;
-
If the geocoding tags exist, the Georeferencing tags are not mandatory;
-
We can geocode a TIFF image using an auxiliary file with the .tfw extension.
Description of the GEOTIFF format for SPRING:
-
Images with less than 8 bits/pixel will be converted to 8 bits/pixel;
-
We can convert images with more than 8 bits/pixel to 8 bits/pixel using the following algorithms:
-
Linear : converts the data starting from the minimum up to the maximum value of the pixel;
-
Statistics : enhances the pixels in the range of n standard deviations around the mean of the image;
-
2% : enhances the image starting from 2% of the beginning up to 2% of the end of the histogram;
-
For images with more than 8 bits:
-
Present the minimum and maximum values of the histogram and the button to draw the histogram, allowing the user to change these values;
-
Activates the code for the conversion to 8 bits.
-
The TIFF/GEOTIFF image can be imported into SPRING for the following data types:
-
Image;
-
Classified Image;
-
Synthetic Image;
-
Labeled Image;
-
Grid.
Description of the Import Interface
Following we present the sequence of dialog boxes of the importation interface.
Problems with the importation of GeoTIFF
Remember to always use the "properties" button to check the data relative to the GeoTIFF file
Through the Earth Model Management window is possible to add new Datuns to SPRING. Previously, specific Datum parameters must be know
such as projection, flattening, translation in relation X, Y, and Z axis, major and minor semi axis..
Cancel the execution of the GeoTIFF Importer and get in touch with the SPRING development team. The addition of a new projection to SPRING requires the modification of many parts of the code and the recompilation of the whole system. Alternatively, if the GeoTIFF file was created by some other application that supports many different projections, you still have the option of remapping the image to one of the projections supported by SPRING and export it again to the GeoTIFF format.