How To Import Data

Data can be imported in one of the following formats; ASCII-SPRING, ARCINFO-UNG, DXF-DWG, SHAPEFILE, JPEG, JPEG->JPEG, RAW,  , SURFER-ASC, IDRISI.IMG-ASC, TIFF/GeoTIFF/BigTiff, or JPEG2000 previous definition of a Category adequated for the data type to be imported.

To import data a project may or may not be active, but if there isn't an active project, the name of project data will be imported to and it's associated parameters (projection and bounding box) must be given at the import window. It's possible to select and import multiple files at the same time, if they belong to the same file type and entity. If the mosaic option is selected, the output will be a mosaic in the selected Infolayer. If mosaic is not selected, an Infolayer will be created for each file being imported, with the same name as the file. For DXF-DWG; JPEG and JPEG2000 is not possible to import multiple files.

In the import window, seen below, the first screens shows the possible file types. After selecting a file, screen will automatically update, showing the disponible options the to the selected file ype. The Conversion tab is only active for TIFF/GeoTIFF/BigTIFF file. The Output tab gives options to the creation or update of the output Infolayer.

      

The import process is described in the following procedures:



Consulte também:
Definition of Database
Definition of Data Model
How to IMPORT GRIB images ?
How to EXPORT data ?
How to convert SHAPEFILE, MID/MIF, E00 and DBF into ASCII-SPRING ?
Data Export - Tables ASCII-SPRING .


See more about the formats of importation/exportation in SPRING


Importation of ASCII-SPRING or ARCINFO-UNG data

In order for SPRING to recognize in the file list one of these formats it should have the following extensions:

 

Importing ASCII-SPRING or ARCINFO-UNG data :

NOTE 1 : In the case of any error verify the parameters provided above, mainly if the data model of the external data corresponds to the one chosen in the category.

NOTE 2 : The following items must be checked so that the importation is successful:
If the measure unit informed in the importation window is correct( the default unit in the importation window is meters and the data can be in degrees, kilometers or others);
If the bounding box is correct according to the data;
If the projection data are equal (if they are not, inform in the importation interface the source projection, so that the importation is performed with remapping)


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DXF/DWG Data Import

In order for SPRING to recognize in its file list the format DXF/DWG, the file should have the following extension:

 

Importing DXF or DWG Data:

NOTE 1 : In the “Layers” window, some transformations on the data that are in the DXF/DWG can be performed to correct the positioning (Delta X and Delta Y), rotation and scale, so that it will be geographically adjusted with the loaded project.

NOTE 2 : In the case of any error verify the parameters provided above, mainly if the data model of the external data corresponds to the one chosen in the category.

NOTE 3 : The following items must be checked so that the importation is successful:
If the measure unit informed in the importation window is correct( the default unit in the importation window is meters and the data can be in degrees, kilometers or others);
If the bounding box is correct according to the data;
If the projection data are equal (if they are not, inform in the importation interface the source projection, so that the importation is performed with remapping);

NOTE 4 : Multiple files cannot be imported at once using this file type.


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Importation of SHAPEFILE data

In order for SPRING to recognize in its file list the format Shape the file should have the following extension:

 

 

NOTE:The direct importation of a SHAPEFILE is valid only for IL's of the CADASTRAL model or NETWORK. In the case of a thematic only the lines/points will be imported. For the other models it is recommended the use of the converter window “File->Convert to ASCII_SPRING” and then import the ASCII-SPRING file generated.

Importing SHAPEFILE data:

NOTE 1 : In the case of any error verify the parameters provided above, mainly if the data model of the external data corresponds to the one chosen in the category.

NOTE 2 : The following items must be checked so that the importation is successful:
If the measure unit informed in the importation window is correct( the default unit in the importation window is meters and the data can be in degrees, kilometers or others);
If the bounding box is correct according to the data;
If the projection data are equal (if they are not, inform in the importation interface the source projection, so that the importation is performed with remapping)


Importation of JPEG, RAW, and JPEG2000 data

In order to SPRING recognize the file type the formats JPEG, RAW , or JPEG2000, must have the following extensions:

Importing JPEG, RAW e JPEG2000:

IMPORTANT: Since the images to be imported are not georeferenced they should be imported into a box (bounding box) with the same number of lines and columns, otherwise they should be converted from the formats RAW into the SPG format, by the use of the IMPIMA module. After having an image in the SPG format, you can acquire control points and afterwards perform the registration.

Note 1: For a JPEG file, a combobox is show, allowing selecting between importing as JPEG or JEPG->JPEG. The JPEG->JPEG makes SPRING keep the image format, but as an synthetic image.

Note 2: The importation of the JPEG -> JPEG format does not allow for the change in Projection, so for example, if your JPEG was generated in UTMSAD69, it can only be imported into a project of the same projection.

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GEOTIFF IMPORTATION

IMPORTANT: Images with system correction in the GeoTIFF format

Almost every satellite image presently distributed by private companies or research organizations are geometrically corrected through a mathematical model the uses data that is transmitted together with the image data. Thus, ephemeris data (satellite position and velocity), attitude data as well as some parameters that are inherent to the operation of the instrument (sensor) are used to define the geographic coordinates associated to the moment of acquisition of a certain pixel of the image. Since these data transmitted by the satellite may contain errors, the resultant system corrected image (called that way because it uses information of the system "satellite+instrument") may also contain errors. The most common is the positioning error caused by the errors in the position of the satellite. This error makes the image as a whole be shifted in respect to its correct position.

Due to that it is important to have in mind that an image in the GeoTIFF format could not be completely georeferenced Frequently, the GeoTIFF images have only the system geometric correction and need to be further refined with ground control points. In SPRING this refinement process can only be made through the REGISTRATION module, this module requires that the image be previously converted to the SPG format with IMPIMA.

Following we present the definitions of the TIFF/BigTiff and GeoTIFF formats, so that the user can used them properly.

Description of the TIFF/BigTiff format:

  1. Can support images with 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 e 32 bits per pixel;
  2. Can support images with 64 bits per pixel (BigTiff);
  3. The types of data format are positive integers, integers (positive ad negative), and IEEE (32 bits);
  4. From 1 to n bands.

Note: The TIFF file format internally uses 32-bit byte offsets. The file size limit is 4Gibytes. The BigTIFF modifications to Tiff consisted primarily of changing all internal byte offsets to 64-bits. A key goal was to maintain backward compatibility with existing applications and files to the largest extent possible. BigTIFF files have a ".tif" or ".tiff" file extension just like ordinary TIFF files. A new version in the file header prevents programs which have not linked with the BigTIFF version of libtiff from processing BigTIFF files. The library has been modified so that programs writing TIFF files do not need to know or care when they reach a 4GB data size. The file format will smoothly change from a standard TIFF file (compatible with all existing programs) to a BigTIFF file (compatible with all programs linked with a new version of the libtiff library). Similarly, programs reading TIFF files do not need to know or care whether a file is a standard TIFF file or a BigTIFF file.

Description of the GEOTIFF format:

  1. Adds new labels (tags) to the TIFF;
  2. Provides tags for geocoding and georeferencing:
    1. Geocoding: a method to position the image on the surface of the Earth (pixel --> X,Y), through ground control points that can be described in plane or geographic coordinates;
    2. Georeferencing: projection and datum information;
    3. If the geocoding tags exist, the Georeferencing tags are not mandatory;
    4. We can geocode a TIFF image using an auxiliary file with the .tfw extension.

Description of the GEOTIFF format for SPRING:

  1. Images with less than 8 bits/pixel will be converted to 8 bits/pixel;
  2. We can convert images with more than 8 bits/pixel to 8 bits/pixel using the following algorithms:
    1. Linear : converts the data starting from the minimum up to the maximum value of the pixel;
    2. Statistics : enhances the pixels in the range of n standard deviations around the mean of the image;
    3. 2% : enhances the image starting from 2% of the beginning up to 2% of the end of the histogram;
  3. For images with more than 8 bits:
    1. Present the minimum and maximum values of the histogram and the button to draw the histogram, allowing the user to change these values;
    2. Activates the code for the conversion to 8 bits.
  4. The TIFF/GEOTIFF image can be imported into SPRING for the following data types:
    1. Image;
    2. Classified Image;
    3. Synthetic Image;
    4. Labeled Image;
    5. Grid.

Description of the Import Interface

Following we present the sequence of dialog boxes of the importation interface.

Problems with the importation of GeoTIFF

Remember to always use the "properties" button to check the data relative to the GeoTIFF file

Through the Earth Model Management window is possible to add new Datuns to SPRING. Previously, specific Datum parameters must be know such as projection, flattening, translation in relation X, Y, and Z axis, major and minor semi axis..

Cancel the execution of the GeoTIFF Importer and get in touch with the SPRING development team. The addition of a new projection to SPRING requires the modification of many parts of the code and the recompilation of the whole system. Alternatively, if the GeoTIFF file was created by some other application that supports many different projections, you still have the option of remapping the image to one of the projections supported by SPRING and export it again to the GeoTIFF format.